Olivia TaylorHave you ever had one of those moments where you’re pretending to be cultured and knowledgeable, only to realize you know absolutely nothing? That was me before!
But hey, this sparked my quest to actually learn about Ottawa’s real historical landmarks, and trust me, they’re far more impressive than a post office (although it was a lovely one).
This city is packed with fascinating spots that’ll make your history-loving heart flutter—or at least give you some incredible photo ops for Insta! So, if you’re ready to dive into stories of Ottawa’s past, explore with me the most historical landmarks in the city!
Parliament Hill
Address: Wellington St.
Contact details: +1 613 992 4793
Operating hours:
- Monday to Thursday – 8:30 AM to 6 PM
- Friday – 8:30 AM to 5 PM
*temporarily closed due to major renovation
Parliament Hill is the undisputed crown jewel of Ottawa’s historical landmarks. It’s where Canada’s most significant political decisions are made, but even if politics isn’t your thing, this place is worth a visit.
The stunning Gothic Revival architecture of the Parliament buildings is enough to leave you in awe, and the Peace Tower dominates the skyline. You can snag a free guided tour of the buildings, which is a great way to dive into Canada’s democratic roots.
As you wander, don’t forget to check out the Centennial Flame—a gorgeous monument that burns year-round, commemorating Canada’s 100th anniversary of Confederation. It’s also a great spot to throw in a coin and make a wish (mine was to come back)!
| Pro tip: If you’re visiting in the summer, catch the nightly “Northern Lights” multimedia show that’s projected onto the Parliament buildings. It’s free, fascinating, and captures the story of Canada in a way you won’t forget. |
Rideau Canal
– Media credit: jt_milners_expeditions
Contact details: +1 613 226 5434
Operating hours:
- Open 24 hours
Ah, the Rideau Canal! A UNESCO World Heritage Site that somehow manages to be a historical gem, an engineering marvel, and a recreational hotspot all at once.
Originally constructed in the early 19th century for military defence, the canal never saw a single battle—unless you count paddleboats or ice skates as your weapon of choice. It stretches 202km from Ottawa to Kingston, but you don’t need to trek that far to appreciate its beauty.
In winter, the frozen canal is transformed into the world’s largest skating rink—a bucket-list experience for many. In warmer months, the canal is perfect for kayaking, canoeing, or just strolling along its peaceful banks.
| Pro tip: If you’re there in February, don’t miss the Winterlude Festival, when the canal becomes the centre of activity, featuring ice sculpting, concerts, and winter-themed fun. During other seasons, consider a boat cruise to fully soak in the sights! |
The National War Memorial & Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
– Media credit: ebd.edwards
Address: Wellington St.
Contact details: +1 866 522 2122
Operating hours:
- Open 24 hours
Standing tall in downtown Ottawa, the National War Memorial was unveiled in 1939 to honour Canadians who served during World War I, though it now serves as a tribute to all Canadian military conflicts.
Below it lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a resting place for an unidentified Canadian soldier who fought in World War I. The Changing of the Guard ceremony during the summer months is a particularly powerful event to witness.
The precision, solemnity, and tradition behind it remind you of the importance of remembering those who served. Whether you’re history-obsessed or not, you’ll leave with a heightened sense of gratitude.
| Pro tip: Combine your visit here with a leisurely walk to nearby Major’s Hill Park for some incredible city views. It’s especially stunning during spring when everything’s in bloom. |
Fairmont Château Laurier
– Media credit: explore_with_naz
Address: 1 Rideau St.
Contact details: +1 613 241 1414
Operating hours:
- Check-in – 4 PM
- Check-out – 12 PM
Looking at the Fairmont Châtaeu Laurier is enough to make you feel like you’ve stepped into a storybook. Dubbed the “castle of the capital”, it opened its doors in 1912 and has been a central figure in Ottawa’s growth ever since.
The building itself is an architectural masterpiece—picture turrets, limestone walls, and copper roofs that get more charming with age. The Château Laurier’s original opening date was delayed due to the sinking of the Titanic, as its builder, Charles Melville Hays, tragically went down with the ship.
The hotel has since hosted countless world leaders and celebrities, and its corridors hold a glimpse of Ottawa’s high-society history. Even if you’re not staying there, you can wander through the lobby or enjoy a meal at one of its restaurants.
| Pro tip: Right next door is the Rideau Canal, so why not combine the two? Also, keep an eye out for rotating art exhibits hosted inside the hotel—they’re a delightful bonus! |
ByWard Market
– Media credit: ottawalist
Address: 55 ByWard Market Square
Contact details: +1 613 244 4410
Operating hours:
- Monday to Sunday – 10 AM to 6 PM
Established in 1826, ByWard Market is one of Canada’s oldest and largest public markets, where you can shop, eat, and explore to your heart’s content. From fresh produce to locally made crafts and quirky souvenirs, this place has something for everyone.
Its history goes way beyond being a market, through. The ByWard Market area was one of the first parts of Ottawa to be developed, and it’s where labourers who built the Rideau Canal would gather.
Grab a meal at any of the local restaurants or cafes tucked into historic buildings, or wander around the streets where the city’s culture thrives. And yes, you’ll definitely want to try a BeaverTail pastry here—it’s practically a rite of passage.
| Pro tip: Visit during the late summer or fall when the vendors go full throttle with seasonal goodies. After exploring, take a short walk to the National Gallery of Canada for some art to round off your day. |
Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica
– Media credit: martyn.beaton
Address: 385 Sussex Dr.
Contact details: +1 613 241 7496
Operating hours:
- Monday to Friday – 9 AM to 6 PM
- Saturday and Sunday – 9 AM to 7 PM
If you’re even remotely interested in architecture, history, or just jaw-dropping beauty, the Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica needs to be on your list. Built between 1841 and 1995, this is Ottawa’s oldest and largest standing church, and it’s breathtaking!
The twin silver spires that reach up toward the sky are hard to miss, and inside, you’re greeted by an interior that’s detailed to perfection. Intricate wooden carvings, stained-glass windows, and a painted ceiling make it hard to know where to focus.
The basilica was initially designed to be a more humble structure, but the plans evolved into something truly iconic. Fun fact: The church has seen more than its share of political and religious leaders over the years, and it’s even hosted royalty.
| Pro tip: Check the basilica’s schedule to see if any concerts are happening—the acoustics are phenomenal, and catching it is a special treat. After visiting, you can also pop over to the nearby National Gallery of Canada. |
Rideau Hall
– Media credit: dan_turner84
Address: 1 Sussex Dr.
Contact details: +1 613 991 4422
Operating hours:
- Monday to Sunday – 8 AM to 5 PM
- Monday to Sunday – 10 AM to 4:30 PM (Visitor Centre)
As the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, Rideau Hall isn’t just a historical landmark but also a functioning part of Canada’s government. The grounds have been in use since 1867 and cover 79 acres of gardens, trees, and monuments.
The building itself is full of charm and has hosted countless dignitaries and events over the years. You can take a guided tour of the building, during which you’ll learn about the day-to-day workings of the governor general.
The grounds are just as interesting as the building itself—they’re open to the public and make for a perfect stroll. You’ll stumble upon whimsical sculptures and plaques that hint at the figures and events that have shaped Canada’s history.
| Pro tip: Don’t miss the impressive Ceremonial Guard activities held on the grounds during the summer. It’s a smaller and less crowded version of the Changing of the Guard you’d see at Parliament Hill, and the gardens are stunning at this time of year. |
Famous Five Statue
– Media credit: reelistic_soul
Address: 2 Rideau St.
Contact details: N/A
Operating hours:
- Open 24 hours
The Famous Five Statue is a tribute to one of the most historic moments in Canadian history. Located on Parliament Hill, the statue honours the five women who fought for the legal recognition of women as “persons” under Canadian law.
This group, known as the Famous Five, spearheaded the Persons Case in 1929, which was a monumental step toward gender equality in Canada. The statue depicts the woman in a conversational setup, making it feel approachable and significant.
Each figure captured in the statue represents a different personality, but collectively, they symbolize the incredible progress Canada has made—and still needs to make in terms of human rights.
| Pro tip: Take a short walk to visit the Supreme Court of Canada building. It’s an architectural beauty and offers free tours that provide insights into Canada’s legal system. |
Confederation Square
– Media credit: walktopia
Address: 53 Elgin St.
Contact details: +1 613 239 5000
Operating hours:
- Open 24 hours
Confederation Square is Canada’s second most important ceremonial space after Parliament Hill. Located in the heart of downtown Ottawa, this historic square plays host to key national events, from Remembrance Day ceremonies to public gatherings.
At its centre lies the National War Memorial, surrounded by other monuments that pay tribute to the sacrifices of Canadian soldiers across various wars. Its design is striking and deliberate.
Surrounded by government buildings like the Château Laurier and the Langevin Block, it feels like the heart of the capital. The area is walkable, making it easy to explore nearby landmarks, many of which tie into the square’s significance.
| Pro tip: If you’re visiting in November, the Remembrance Day ceremonies are incredibly moving and worth attending. Otherwise, take a short detour to Sparks Street, a pedestrian street full of shops and restaurants. |
Earnscliffe National Historic Site of Canada
– Media credit: robbinreay
Address: 140 Sussex Dr.
Contact details: N/A
Operating hours:
- Grounds open 24 hours
Tucked away near the Ottawa River, Earnscliffe National Historic Site is a bit of a hidden gem. This elegant Gothic Revival home has its roots in Canada’s early history—it was built in the mid-1800s and became the residence of Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada’s first prime minister.
Today, it serves as the official residence of the British High Commissioner to Canada, but its historical significance remains a focal point. While you can’t explore the interior (since it’s still an active diplomatic residence), the site itself is a treat for history buffs.
Walk along the grounds, and you’ll catch views of both the house and the nearby Ottawa River. Plaques on-site give you insights into its contribution and role in Canada’s early development.
| Pro tip: Earnscliffe is located near the beautiful Rockcliffe Park area. You can take a short drive or walk here to enjoy its scenic trails and some of the best views of the Ottawa River and Gatineau Hills. |
